Managing ‘peak heat’ is the biggest innovation challenge on the path to net zero, according to new decarbonisation modelling from Energy Systems Catapult (ESC). As a result, the organisation has urged government to explore the use of hybrid heating systems - combining heat pumps and natural gas - in the energy transition. The suggestion is made in ESC's review of 3,600 different pathways to net zero, which suggests the cost of the transition is still within 1% of GDP by 2050 if we see an urgent acceleration of pace both in the deployment of mature technologies and innovation around novel solutions.